![]() We also highlight the need for behavioral risk reduction and adherence as essential components of any biomedical approach.Ĭondom barriers, blood and needle safety, and the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) were the first biomedical strategies to control HIV that did not focus on behavioral risk reduction alone. This review identifies the major biomedical approaches demonstrated to be efficacious that are now available. ![]() Current studies seek to integrate strategies into approaches that combine biomedical, behavioral, and structural methods to achieve prevention synergies. ![]() Unfortunately, only slow progress is being made in some available HIV prevention strategies such as family planning for HIV-infected women who do not want more children and prevention mother-to-child HIV transmission. Well-established prevention strategies in the control of sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis are highly relevant for HIV (i.e., screening, linkage to care, early treatment, and contact tracing). Circumcision of men has also been a major tool relevant for higher prevalence regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, antiretroviral drugs to reduce risk of transmission (when the infected person takes the medicines treatment as prevention or TasP) or reduce risk of acquisition (when the seronegative person takes them pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP) have proven efficacious. ![]() Early achievements in biomedical approaches for HIV prevention included physical barriers (condoms), clean injection equipment (both for medical use and for injection drug users), blood and blood product safety, and prevention of mother to child transmission. ![]()
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